ACChargingStation

Use

You want to simulate a standard charging station or fast charging station with AC output on the grid side?

Use the AC charging station model and connect a vehicle to the charging station (BEV or PHEV). The charging station model simulates a single charging point where only one vehicle can be charged (or discharged) at a same time. It can be an AC or DC charging point with any charging power. The AC in the model name defines the grid side of the charging station!

Important: The charging station model does not differ between AC and DC charging because the charging station simulates the entire charging technology for charging a vehicle's battery. The vehicle simulates only the vehicle battery but not the on-board charger:

• Reality: In reality, there is AC and DC charging. The main difference between AC and DC charging is where the alternating current (from the power grid) is converted into direct current (for charging the batteries). With AC charging, the conversion takes place in the vehicle itself. Electric vehicles have a built-in converter, a so-called on-board charger, which takes the alternating current and converts it into direct current via several converters. When charging at a DC charging point, the on-board charger can be bypassed because there is a current transformer in the charging station itself.

• Simulation: For the simulation, it is assumed that the entire charging technology is located in the charging station and not in the vehicle. The on-board charger is part of the charging station model and therefore the vehicle is only charged with direct current.

Parameters and Connectors

The charging station model is necessary to couple an electric vehicle (BEV or PHEV) with the AC-grid ▶LVGrid3 of the building. In this regard a 3-phase Phase=3 or single-phase Phase=1 grid connection can be defined.

▶DCVehicle is the direct current connection between the vehicle and the charging station. The charging station controls the charging process of the vehicle via ▶ControlBus.

A charging (or discharging Veh2Grid=true) process can only be simulated if a vehicle is ▶Present at the charging station and the charging station is switched-on ▶ON. The reference charge (and discharge) power ▶PRef must be controlled by external controllers dependent on inner building energy system states (e.g. renewable energy availability or simulated electricity prices). If ▶PRef>0, the vehicle is charged and if ▶PRef<0, the vehicle is discharged.

Model Background

Internally, the model either uses a B6- or B2-converter model.

The battery converter itself acts as a PI-controller which controls charge and discharge power via intermediate-circuit voltage on the vehicle-side, dependent on reference power. Ensure that all connectors are defined with correspondent battery characteristics, to avoid numerical problems.